Canadian scientists found that polyphenols, a chemical in red wine, can block the production of free radical molecules which can damage the gums. Researchers from Quebec's Universite Laval said that there are other risks which come with drinking wine and people should be aware of the fact that wine is not necessarily associated with healthy teeth. The production of free radicals is prevented by changing the composition of the proteins from the cells that control their release. The production of too many free radicals can cause weakening of the gums, leading to inflammation, bleeding and gradual tissue decay. Dr. Fatiah Chandad from the University Laval stated: "Our findings demonstrate that red wine polyphenols have potent antioxidant properties. I am optimistic that components in red wine can limit the effect of these oral bacteria." Around 80% of Americans are believed to suffer from gum disorders; 15% with ages from 21 to 50 experience the most dangerous form of gum disease and 65% of people over 50 are affected. More exposed to these affections are smokers, diabetics, and people taking steroids, oral contraceptives or cancer drugs. The studies conducted in Quebec on mouse cell samples showed that the antioxidants found in red wine or polyphenols may help reduce the severity of gum inflammation caused by bacteria. However, the results hardly can be considered final. Robert Genco, a professor of oral biology with the School of Dental Medicine at the State University of New York, stressed the fact that the findings are preliminary. "I would say that in general these experiments with antioxidants in test tubes give variable results when they are later tested in animals or humans. Many antioxidants have been tested in humans, and they have not been too effective. We've been very disappointed, so we have to be very careful. So, while this study is an interesting first start, the key now is clinical trials in humans," he explained.