Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors

Gastroparesis means paralysis of the stomach, and is a condition in which the stomach does not empty properly.

What is going on in the body?

In gastroparesis, the stomach does not empty properly. Food stays in the stomach for a long time. Although the exact cause is not known, gastroparesis is usually seen in people who have had diabetes for a long time.

What are the causes and risks of the condition?

This condition is usually caused by long-standing diabetes.

Symptoms & Signs

What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

Symptoms can be mild or severe, and include:

Diagnosis & Tests

How is the condition diagnosed?

The symptoms are very suspicious in a person who has had diabetes for a long time. Sometimes medication is started to see if it helps the symptoms. If the medication works, the diagnosis is then assumed. A gastric emptying study is used to confirm the diagnosis. This test measures how fast the stomach empties.

Prevention & Expectations

What can be done to prevent the condition?

A person with diabetes who maintains good control of his or her blood sugar is less likely to develop this condition.

What are the long-term effects of the condition?

This condition can make it very hard to control blood sugar in a person with diabetes. It can lead to a greater risk of diabetic complications.

What are the risks to others?

There is no risk to others.

Treatment & Monitoring

What are the treatments for the condition?

Eating small, frequent meals can be helpful. Medications, such as metoclopramide, are often used to help the stomach to move faster.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Metoclopramide can cause drowsiness and problems with muscle movement and balance.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Gastroparesis is generally a life-long problem and treatment is often required for life.

How is the condition monitored?

The person should report any return of symptoms to the healthcare provider. The provider can order another gastric emptying study to determine how well any medications are working.